The Influence of Non-Physical Work Environment on Employee Performance with Work Discipline as a Mediating Variable (Study on Klaten Post Office Employees)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/ijemr.v5i2.842Keywords:
Employee Performance, Non-Physical Work Environment, Organizational Behavior, Work Discipline, Workplace EnvironmentAbstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of the non-physical work environment on employee performance with work discipline as a mediating variable among employees of the KC Klaten Post Office. This study employs a quantitative approach using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Squares (PLS), processed with SmartPLS version 4 software. The population consists of 47 employees, and the sampling technique used is non-probability sampling with a saturated sampling method. The results of the study show that the non-physical work environment does not affect employee performance. The non-physical work environment has a positive and significant effect on work discipline, and work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Furthermore, work discipline is proven to act as a mediating variable in the relationship between the non-physical work environment and employee performance.
References
Agussalim, M., Rezkiana, A., & Ali, H. (2016). Analysis work discipline and work spirit toward performance of (case study tax office Pratama two Padang). International Journal of Economic Research, 13(6), 2541–2556.
Alimudin, A., Sukoco, A., & Prebawa, A. A. (2020). Strategy model to build employee discipline. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (pp. 1969–1977). IEOM Society International.
Aprianti, A., & Wulandari, W. (2022). Pengaruh lingkungan kerja non fisik terhadap disiplin kerja pegawai pada Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Daerah (BAPPEDA) Kota Bima. Jurnal Akuntansi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Teknologi (AMBITEK), 2(2), 246–253. https://doi.org/10.56870/ambitek.v2i2.54
Aulia, D., & Resawati, R. (2023). The influence of work discipline and non-physical work environment on employee per-formance. Majalah Bisnis & IPTEK, 16(1), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.55208/bistek
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Chairunnisah, R., KM, S., & Mataram, P. M. F. H. (2021). Teori sumber daya manusia. Widina Bhakti Persada Bandung.
Chen, Y., Daamen, T. A., Heurkens, E. W. T. M., & Verheul, W. J. (2020). Interdisciplinary and experiential learning in urban development management education. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 30(5), 919–936. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-019-09541-5
Dessler, G. (2020). Human resource management (16th ed.). Pearson Education.
Fajri, C., & Heikel, M. (2023). Influence of work discipline and non-physical work environment on employee performance at PT Bank Negara Indonesia Tbk Tangerang KCU. Enrichment: Journal of Management, 13(1), 284–291. https://doi.org/10.35335/enrichment.v13i1.1259
Farida, U. (2016). Manajemen sumber daya manusia. Unmuh Ponorogo Press.
Hallo, G. S., & Wahyanti, C. T. (2022). The effect of non-physical work environment and work stress on employees’ per-formance. International Journal of Social Science and Business, 6(2), 232–238. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijssb.v6i2.45092
Hamzah, F. F., Cik, A., Melati, & Digdowiseiso, K. (2023). The influence of intrinsic motivation, organizational culture, and non-physical work environment on employee performance. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 4(5), 718–732. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v4i5.842
Idris, M., Choiriyah, Jonifar, Atika, F. U., & Hidayat, R. (2024). The influence of work motivation and work environment on job satisfaction and its impact on performance. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 18(6), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n6-045
Khaeruman, M., et al. (2021). Meningkatkan kinerja sumber daya manusia: Konsep & studi kasus.
Mahargiono, P. B., Pradana, P. G., & Laily, N. (2023). Employee performance in terms of transformational leadership, non-physical work environment and organizational citizenship behavior. European Modern Studies Journal, 7(2), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.59573/emsj.7(2).2023.14
Mustofa, Indartono, S., & Sukidjo. (2021). The effect of communication style on teaching motivation and related variables. Integration of Education, 25(4), 562–576. https://doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.105.025.202104.562-576
Novianti, D., Krisnandi, H., & Digdowiseiso, K. (2025). The influence of leadership style, work discipline and non-physical work environment on employee performance. Review: Journal of Multidisciplinary in Social Sciences, 2(1), 39–45. https://doi.org/10.59422/rjmss.v2i01.766
Pamungkas, P. A. (2025). Effects of physical and non-physical work environment. International Journal of Management Studies, 14(1), 1–21.
Panjaitan, S., & Hidayat, R. (2024). The influence of communication and non-physical work environment on employee performance. Journal of Business and Management Studies, 7(4), 1401–1414.
Prabowo, B. (2023). Pengaruh lingkungan kerja non fisik dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Ilmiah PERKUSI, 3(3), 378–387. https://doi.org/10.32493/j.perkusi.v3i3.31998
Qurniati, Q., Utaminingtyas, R. R. B., & Sulistiyani, E. (2020). The influence of exemplary leaders, non-physical environment and reward to work discipline. JOBS (Jurnal of Business Studies), 6(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.32497/jobs.v6i1.2528
Sumarjiansyah, N. A., Peristiowati, Y., Sumarji, S., & Setyawan, W. H. (2025). Employee performance and organizational environment analysis. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 12(7), 47–54.
Sundjoto, Sumaryono, R., & Sari, A. K. (2024). The mediating effect of job satisfaction in the influence of non-physical environment on employee performance. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 18(6), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n6-023
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Economics and Management Research

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.





