International Journal of Economics and Management Research
International Journal of Economics and Management Research : ISSN: 2830-2664 (print), ISSN: 2830-2508 (Online) an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to management, accounting and economic. This journal is SINTA 4 accredited (Decree of the Director General of Higher Education, Research and Technology Number 10/C/C3/DT.05.00/2025 dated March 21, 2025 concerning the Accreditation Rating of Scientific Journals for Period I of 2025) starting from Volume 1 Number 3 of 2022 to Volume 6 Number 2 of 2027. This journal is published 3 (three) times a year, namely the April, August, and December editions. Indexed by : Journal Sponsors and Partners :
The Effect of Fomo, Perceived Scarcity, and Price Discounts on Impulse Buying Behavior in Tiktok Shop
This study aims to analyze the influence of Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), perceived scarcity, and price discounts on impulsive buying behavior among TikTok Shop users in Banyumas Regency. Impulsive buying behavior is often triggered by digital marketing strategies that emphasize urgency, viral trends, and limited-time offers. This research employed a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were obtained through an online questionnaire distributed to 140 respondents who are active TikTok Shop users residing in Banyumas Regency. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with the criteria that respondents had made purchases within the last six months. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that FOMO had a positive and significant effect on impulsive buying behavior, perceived scarcity had a positive and significant effect on impulsive buying behavior, and price discounts also had a positive and significant effect on impulsive buying behavior. Simultaneously, these three variables contributed to encouraging impulsive buying behavior among TikTok Shop consumers in Banyumas Regency. These findings are expected to provide insights for making more prudent purchasing decisions.
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The Impact of Debt to Equity Ratio Accounting Profit and Firm Size on Price Book Value: Evidence from PT. Erajaya Swasembada Tbk (2014–2023)
This study aims to analyze the effect of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Accounting Profit, and Company Size on Price to Book Value (PBV) at PT. Erajaya Swasembada Tbk during the period 2014–2023. A quantitative approach is used by utilizing secondary data obtained from audited financial statements and stock market data. Data processing was carried out through descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t tests, F tests, and determination coefficient analysis using SPSS software version 25. The results showed that DER had a significant negative effect on PBV, while Company Size had a significant positive effect on PBV. In contrast, Accounting Profit does not have a significant influence on PBV. Simultaneously, the three independent variables had a significant influence on PBV with a determination coefficient value (R²) of 0.839. These findings confirm that the management of the company's capital structure and scale is an important factor in increasing the company's value in the eyes of investors. Meanwhile, fluctuations in accounting profits are not enough to significantly affect market perception. The practical implication of this research is the need for a financial strategy that focuses on the efficiency of the company's capital structure and expansion to increase the investment attractiveness and market value of the company.
The Effect of Green Investment and Carbon Emission Disclosure on Financial Reporting Quality in Energy Sector Companies Listed on the IDX (2021–2023)
This study investigates the effect of green investment and carbon emission disclosure on the quality of financial reporting among energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2021–2023 period. The research uses a quantitative approach and secondary data, with an exploratory design aimed at examining causal relationships between the independent variables and financial report quality. Green investment refers to the allocation of capital toward environmentally sustainable initiatives, while carbon emission disclosure involves the transparency of companies in reporting their greenhouse gas emissions. Financial report quality is measured through accrual quality and earnings persistence.Statistical analysis was conducted using panel data regression. The results indicate that neither green investment nor carbon emission disclosure has a statistically significant influence on the quality of financial reports. The significance values obtained were 0.525 for green investment and 0.069 for carbon emission disclosure, both above the 0.05 threshold. These findings suggest that while environmental responsibility practices are increasing in visibility, they have not yet translated into improvements in financial reporting quality in the energy sector. External pressures or compliance motives may drive environmental disclosures, rather than a commitment to improving transparency or financial integrity.The study highlights the necessity for further investigation into the mechanisms by which sustainability practices can enhance financial reporting. It also suggests that regulatory enforcement alone may not be sufficient to influence reporting behavior in the short term. Keywords: green investment, carbon emission disclosure, financial reporting quality, energy sector, sustainability reporting
The Role of USM Economics Students in Facing Global Economic Challenges
The younger generation, as the nation’s future leaders, must be well-prepared to face increasingly complex global challenges. Economics education serves as a fundamental pillar in equipping students with the necessary knowledge, analytical skills, and adaptability to respond to these issues. Economics students, in particular, play a vital role in understanding and addressing global economic challenges through the mastery of microeconomics, macroeconomics, finance, and management. This study aims to analyze the role of economics students at the Faculty of Economics, USM, in enhancing their capacity to support the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through education, training, and the integration of digital technology. A qualitative research method was employed, using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, while data analysis followed the steps of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The findings reveal that global economic dynamics have a significant influence on the ability of economics students to strengthen MSMEs, particularly by fostering innovation, digital literacy, and collaboration with relevant stakeholders. The study further highlights that economics students can act as agents of change who actively engage in building collaboration, promoting entrepreneurship, and driving innovation to improve market competitiveness. These results imply that strengthening economics education, integrating technology-based learning, and enhancing partnerships with industries are essential strategies to prepare students to contribute effectively to national and global economic development. This research contributes to the discourse on the role of higher education in shaping future economic actors who are capable of responding to global challenges with resilience and innovation.
Green Career Resilience: Developing Sustainable Career Resilience of Young Talents in Green Hotels in Semarang City
A Multilevel Examination of Pro-Environmental Behavior and Its Impact on Hotel Performance: Evidence from Green Ho-tels in Indonesia
This study adopts a multilevel analytical framework to investigate the implementation of pro-environmental behavior (PEB) and its implications for organizational performance in the context of Green Hotels in Semarang, Indonesia. Grounded in Social Exchange Theory, the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) framework, and Social Identity Theory, the research explores how PEB at both individual and departmental levels contributes to environmental, financial, and operational performance metrics. Special attention is directed toward the role of young talent employees (<35 years) as strategic change agents in sustainability transitions.A qualitative case study methodology was employed, involving 35 informants across five certified Green Hotels. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, direct observations, focus group discussions, and documentary analysis. Thematic coding and cross-level analysis were conducted using NVivo software to ensure methodological rigor and analytical depth. Findings reveal that departmental-level PEB exhibits a more structured and consistent implementation pattern, exerting a stronger impact on environmental and financial outcomes. In contrast, individual-level PEB predominantly influences operational efficiency. Importantly, the cross-level interaction between individual and departmental PEB generates multiplicative effects on guest satisfaction and synergistic effects on environmental performance. Five organizational enablers—executive support, pro-environmental culture, performance-based rewards, sustained training, and participatory decision-making—emerge as critical in optimizing young talent engagement in green practices. This study advances multilevel theorizing in green human resource management (GHRM) and provides actionable insights for practitioners seeking to institutionalize sustainability within hospitality operations in emerging markets.
Systematic Literature Review: Business Ethics in the Use of Recommendation Algorithms in the Digital Era
This study examines how recommendation algorithms, powered by big data and artificial intelligence, drive the growth of digital businesses by personalizing user experiences. Through a review of 21 studies, it identifies key ethical challenges such as algorithmic bias, privacy breaches, lack of transparency, and behavioral manipulation through dark patterns. To mitigate these issues, the literature emphasizes the importance of implementing the Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAT) framework using explainable AI, user data control mechanisms, regular algorithm audits, and compliance with legal frameworks such as the GDPR. The study further highlights the need for deeper research on data governance, integration between GDPR and Indonesia’s Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP), and more interdisciplinary and longitudinal studies, particularly in Southeast Asia. These findings underscore the necessity of maintaining a balance between technological innovation and ethical accountability to foster a sustainable and trustworthy digital ecosystem that supports both user protection and business growth.
The Impact of Personnel and Materiel Readiness of the Garuda Contingent in UNIFIL on Mission Success in Lebanon
This study analyzes the influence of internal factors on the success of the Garuda Contingent assignment of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL). The internal factors examined are peronael readiness (X1), covering individual competence, physical and mental readiness, and socio-cultural adaptability, and material readiness (X2), including adequacy of combat equipment, logistical support, and supporting technology. Assignment (Y) measured through mandate achievement, incident reponse speed, stakeholder satisfaction. Using quantitative, explanatory research design, data were collected through questionnaires to 291 respondents from the Garuda Contingent UNIFIL personnel. Data analysis was carried out using SmartPLS software. The results of the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis showed that both personnel readiness (X1) and material readiness (X2) had a positive and significant influence on the success of the assignment (Y). Specifically, the path coefficient from X1 to Y is 0.595 (p < 0.001), and the path coefficient from X2 to Y is 0.305 (p < 0.001), indicating that personnel readiness has a stronger influence on assignment success compared to material readiness. The R-Square value for variable Y is 0.715, indicating that 71.5% of the variation in assignment success can be explained by personnel and material readiness. The implication of this finding is the need for the formulation of policies and strategies that focus on improving personnel readiness, material modernization, and diversifying the role of the contingent to optimize Indonesia's contribution to the peacekeeping mission in Lebanon and in the future.
The Influence of Human Resource Development and Leadership on Employee Performance with Work Commitment as a Mediation
Frentho Valentino Efrath Reinati (Master of Management, Universitas Widya Gama Malang, 2025) entitled "The Effect of Human Resource Development and Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance with Work Commitment as a Mediator (Study at the Kupang City Civil Registration Office)", aims to analyze the direct and indirect effects between human resource development (HRD), transformational leadership, work commitment, and employee performance. This study uses an explanatory approach with a survey method on all employees of the Kupang City Civil Registration Office, totaling 77 respondents (saturated sample). Data analysis was carried out using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of the study indicate that human resource development significantly influences employee performance and work commitment, while work commitment does not significantly influence employee performance. Furthermore, transformational leadership significantly influences work commitment, but does not directly influence performance. As a mediator, human resource development through work commitment does not significantly influence performance, while transformational leadership through work commitment significantly influences employee performance. These findings underscore the importance of human resource development and transformational leadership styles in improving public apparatus performance.
Entrepreneurial Literacy and Digital Mindset as Catalysts for Online Business Readiness: A Systematic Literature Review
Global development in digital technology have driven the transformation of business models towards online ecosystems, requiring individuals and organizations to have adaptive online business readiness. The growing potential of e-commerce, driven by the massive number of internet users, presents a strategic opportunity.However, many students and young entrepreneurs do not yet have an adequate digital mindset to compete.The urgency of this research lies in the need to understand how entrepreneurship education and digital mindset can act as catalysts in preparing business actors to enter the online business world. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review method with stages of identification, selection, and synthesis of scientific articles, as well as bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer. The results show that the combination of entrepreneurship education and strengthening the digital mindset can improve online business readiness to include the ability to utilize artificial intelligence (AI) technology for marketing, the use of data analytics for decision making, and automated online store management. Additionally, there is a digital literacy gap among students and SME entrepreneurs that can be bridged through a digital project-based entrepreneurship curriculum. The implications of this research encourage universities and policymakers to design entrepreneurship programs that emphasize digital transformation, the use of AI.
The Influence of Rewards and Work Environment on Loyalty through Job Satisfaction among Teachers at SMKS Batujaya District
This study aims to examine the effect of rewards and work environment on teacher loyalty with job satisfaction as an intervening variable in private vocational schools in Batujaya District. The study uses a quantitative approach through a questionnaire survey with 82 respondents, determined through nonprobability sampling. The data were analyzed using instrument testing, classical assumption testing, hypothesis testing, and path analysis with the help of SPSS version 26. The results showed that rewards (X1) had a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction (Z) with a t-value of 3.130 > t-table 1.990 and a significance of 0.002 < 0.05. The work environment (X2) also has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, as evidenced by a t-value of 10.554 > 1.990 and a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05. Conversely, rewards do not have a significant effect on loyalty (Y) with a t-value of 0.588 < 1.990 and a significance level of 0.558 > 0.05, nor does the work environment with a t-value of 0.168 < 1.990 and a significance level of 0.867 > 0.05. Job satisfaction was proven to have a significant positive effect on loyalty with a t-value of 3.472 > 1.990 and a significance level of 0.001 < 0.05. Path analysis shows that the direct effect of rewards on loyalty is only 0.062, while the indirect effect through job satisfaction is greater at 0.122. Similarly, the work environment has a direct effect of 0.026 and an indirect effect of 0.412. These results confirm that job satisfaction plays an important role as a mediator. Thus, this study emphasizes that a proportional increase in rewards and the creation of a conducive work environment can improve job satisfaction, which ultimately strengthens teacher loyalty at private vocational schools in Batujaya District.
Implementation and Benefits of Digital Accounting for the Development of Creative Industry MSMEs in Surakarta City
This study aims to analyze the effect of digital accounting implementation on the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the creative industry sector in Surakarta City. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design was employed. Data were collected through a closed-ended questionnaire administered to 120 MSME actors who had implemented digital accounting applications, and were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method. The findings indicate that digital accounting implementation has a significant effect on MSME development. The use of digital accounting systems has been proven to improve the efficiency of financial recording, support data-driven decision-making, and enhance both managerial capacity and market expansion. The path coefficient shows a strong positive relationship between the two variables, with a contribution of 46.8% to the variance in MSME development. These findings highlight the importance of digitalization in MSME financial governance, particularly in the innovation-driven and dynamic creative industry sector. Digital accounting serves not only as an administrative tool but also as a strategic instrument to strengthen business competitiveness and sustainability. Therefore, synergy among business actors, local government, and technology providers must be strengthened to create an inclusive and sustainable digital ecosystem.
The Role of Agriculture in Reducing Poverty Levels in Rural Areas in North Sumatra
The objective of this study is to analyze the role of the agricultural sector in reducing the level of poverty in rural areas of North Sumatra Province. The data used are secondary time series data covering the period 2015–2024, obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of North Sumatra and other official sources. The variables used include the poverty rate as the dependent variable, and agricultural output growth, agricultural labor, and agricultural investment as independent variables. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with the assistance of the SPSS program. The results of the study show that agricultural output growth and agricultural investment have a negative effect on the poverty rate, meaning that an increase in these two variables is able to reduce the level of poverty in North Sumatra. Meanwhile, agricultural labor does not show a significant effect on poverty. These findings emphasize the importance of increasing productivity and investment in the agricultural sector as a strategy for poverty reduction in rural areas.
Antecedents and Consequences of Wetland-Based Forensic Accounting in South Kalimantan: A Qualitative Study
Forensic accounting has become a global concern in facing increasingly complex economic and environmental challenges, particularly in detecting and preventing non-transparent financial practices, fraud, and misuse of resources. The concept of forensic accounting focuses on evidence-based financial investigations to uncover irregularities in asset management, including in sectors related to the wetland environment and sustainable economics. Amidst increasing concerns about climate change, environmental degradation, and natural resource exploitation, forensic accounting plays a crucial role in ensuring accountability and transparency in financial management, thereby supporting sustainable development policies more effectively. This study aims to evaluate the antecedents and consequences of the application of forensic accounting to economic, environmental, and social aspects, particularly in improving accountability, transparency, and mitigating financial risks. This study uses a qualitative approach with ethnographic methods, in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. The results show that antecedent factors include weak understanding of regulations, limited human resources, and limited data, while the consequences of the application of forensic accounting have a positive impact on the efficient use of public funds , strengthening governance, and improving social welfare. These findings are expected to be a foundation for policymakers in designing strategies for implementing forensic accounting that are more effective, inclusive, and sustainable in South Kalimantan
Analysis of The Effect of Digital Marketing, Product Innovation and Market Orientation on Marketing Performance through Competitive Advantage as an Intervening Variable (Case Study of Coffee Shop at Medan)
This study aims to analyze the effect of digital marketing, product innovation and market orientation on marketing performance through competitive advantage as an intervening variable. The method used is causal associative research with a quantitative approach, which aims to examine the relationship between one or more variables with a research population of 78 respondents. The data analysis technique used is Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results showed that digital marketing and market orientation have a direct effect on competitive advantage, while product innovation has no effect on competitive advantage. Digital marketing has no effect on marketing performance, while product innovation and market orientation have a direct effect on marketing performance. Path analysis shows that the combination of digital marketing and product innovation has an insignificant impact on marketing performance, indicating that competitive advantage has not been able to mediate the relationship between digital marketing and product innovation.
Urban Farming as a Solution for Food Independence and New Job Opportunities in Bangka Belitung: A Case Study of Pangkalpinang City
This study, titled “Urban Farming as a Solution for Food Self-Sufficiency and New Employment Opportunities in Bangka Belitung: A Case Study of Pangkalpinang City,” investigates the implementation of urban farming as an adaptive strategy to address food insecurity and unemployment in urban areas with limited agricultural land. Pangkalpinang City faces increasing challenges related to urbanization, including declining agricultural land, high dependence on external food supplies, and limited job opportunities for residents. The purpose of this research is to analyze how urban farming contributes to food self-sufficiency, the creation of new employment opportunities, and community participation in sustainable urban agriculture. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies, and analyzed thematically and through SWOT analysis to identify internal and external factors influencing urban farming development. The findings reveal that urban farming in Parit Lalang, Pangkalpinang, is predominantly conducted on small home gardens and vacant lots using hydroponic and traditional methods, with participants mainly consisting of productive-age residents and housewives. The practice has enhanced household food availability, reduced living costs, and generated additional income, thereby improving local economic resilience. However, several challenges persist, such as limited technical skills, financial constraints, and inconsistent government support. The study concludes that strengthening training programs, improving financial access, and developing pilot projects in each subdistrict are essential to optimize the sustainability of urban farming as a strategy for food security and community empowerment in urban settings
The Effect of Product Quality, Customer Service, Operational Processes, and Work Environment on Customer Loyalty in Insurance Companies
This study was inspired by the vital importance of customer loyalty in maintaining the long-term sustainability of insurance companies, particularly amid the increasingly competitive dynamics of the industry. It identifies four major factors that are believed to have both direct and indirect impacts on customer retention and corporate reputation: product quality, customer service, operational efficiency, and the work environment. The research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing surveys distributed to active customers of PT Jasaraharja Putera, Jayapura Branch. The collected responses were statistically analyzed to assess both the individual and combined effects of each variable on customer loyalty. The results indicate that these four dimensions are interconnected and collectively shape the level of customer loyalty. High-quality and transparent products foster initial trust, while fast and responsive service turns expectations into positive experiences. Streamlined operational procedures ensure consistent fulfillment of service commitments, and a supportive workplace environment enhances employee motivation and performance, leading to superior service delivery. Empirical evidence from the study suggests that strengthening customer loyalty requires a comprehensive and integrated approach. Insurance firms should design products that align with customer needs, deliver empathetic and efficient service, optimize operational processes for greater effectiveness, and cultivate a positive work culture that motivates employees. Beyond its managerial implications, this research enriches the academic discourse on customer loyalty by highlighting the role of internal organizational factors within financial service institutions. Practically, the study provides strategic insights for management in formulating more focused and data-driven policies. The findings are expected to help insurance companies not only retain their current clients but also attract new ones by enhancing their reputation, service quality, and overall customer experience.
Analysis of the Effect of Product Quality and Service Quality on Customer Loyalty Mediated by Customer Satisfaction at Kafe Kudu, Jalan Sei Petani, Medan City
This study aims to analyze the influence of product quality and service quality on customer loyalty, with customer satisfaction serving as a mediating variable at Kafe Kudu, located on Jalan Sei Petani, Medan City. A quantitative approach was employed using the Partial Least Square–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The study involved a sample of 90 respondents selected through purposive sampling. The results indicate that product quality does not have a significant effect on customer satisfaction but has a significant impact on customer loyalty. Conversely, service quality significantly affects both customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Furthermore, customer satisfaction significantly influences customer loyalty. The mediation test results show that customer satisfaction does not significantly mediate the relationship between product quality and customer loyalty but does significantly mediate the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty. These findings suggest that, within the context of Kafe Kudu, enhancing service quality is a more effective strategy for fostering customer satisfaction and loyalty than focusing solely on product quality. Therefore, it is recommended that management prioritize improving service quality as a long-term strategic initiative
The Effect of Workplace Democracy and Compensation on Employee Retention: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction among Coffee Shop Employees in Pangkalpinang City
This study aims to analyze the influence of workplace democracy and compensation on employee retention in coffee shop employees in Pangkalpinang City, with job satisfaction as a mediating variable. Using a quantitative approach with a comparative causal design, data was collected through an online survey distributed to employees working in the local coffee shop industry. This study examines the direct influence of workplace democracy and compensation on job satisfaction and employee retention, while assessing the mediating role of job satisfaction in these relationships. The results of the study show that workplace democracy and compensation have a positive and significant influence on job satisfaction and employee retention. In addition, job satisfaction has been shown to mediate the relationship between workplace democracy and compensation and employee retention, thereby improving understanding of the psychological mechanisms that drive workforce sustainability in the creative small business sector. These findings contribute to the development of literature on democratic participation and compensation practices in the context of small businesses, and provide practical implications for business owners and policymakers to design more equitable, participatory, and sustainable employment strategies to improve employee stability and loyalty in the coffee shop industry.
SPS/TBT Halal Certification and SME Export Performance: Implications for Global Market Access
Indonesian SMEs face significant obstacles in penetrating the global market due to differences in halal certification standards across countries, which create high compliance burdens, both in terms of costs, process duration, and limited cross-jurisdictional recognition. These obstacles are not only administrative but also have a direct impact on export performance, particularly in terms of lead time, volume, and delivery reliability. This article aims to analyze halal certification within the framework of the WTO's Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) as a dual factor, as it has the potential to act as both a barrier and an instrument for ensuring the quality of global trade. This research employs a qualitative method, utilizing a library research approach that draws on academic literature, international reports, and policy documents published between 2015 and 2025. Data were obtained from searches of reputable databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and official documents from the WTO, BPJPH, and SMIIC/OKI. These data were then analyzed to develop a conceptual framework. The study results indicate that compliance with international halal certification significantly impacts the export performance of SMEs. The performance is primarily achieved through cost reduction mechanisms, process acceleration, cross-border recognition, and the implementation of digital traceability, thereby strengthening importer confidence. In conclusion, halal certification cannot be viewed as merely a technical issue, but rather a structural challenge that requires harmonization of standards, MRA diplomacy, and the adoption of technological innovation so that SMEs can increase their competitiveness in the global value chain.
Financial Literacy based on Education, Income, Future Time Perspective
For senior high school students and undergraduate students, financial literacy becomes increasingly important because it helps them understand about savings, investment, and debt. According to the 2024 Financial Services Authority Survey, the level of financial literacy among this group is lower than the national average and ranks second lowest, behind the group of unemployed individuals, who are the lowest. This research aims to examine and analyze the influence of age, gender, education, and income on future time perspective and financial literacy, as well as to influence future time perspective on financial literacy. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed via Google Form. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling technique with the criteria being Indonesian citizens who work as senior high school students and undergraduate students from various locations. The total number of respondents collected was 325 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) techniques with AMOS software. The research results indicate that age and gender do not influence the future time perspective and financial literacy. In contrast, education and income have a positive effect on the future time perspective and financial literacy. The future time perspective was found to have a mediating effect on the influence of education and income on financial literacy. As a theoretical contribution, this research successfully found the influence of education on future time perspective. Furthermore, this study found that future time perspective partially mediate the influence of education and income on financial literacy. Practically, the researchers recommend that senior high school and undergraduated students can improve their financial literacy by focusing on the opportunities available in the future, supported by education and income. In short, students can gradually improve their financial literacy by integrating knowledge, skill, practical experience with money, and financial goals.
The Effect of Financial Literacy on Financial Well-Being of Lecturers Mediated by The Financial Behavior
Financial wellness is an essential indicator of an individual’s standard of living, including that of lecturers. In Indonesia, lecturer welfare often receives limited attention, despite its direct impact on education quality and student learning outcomes. Lecturer welfare is influenced not only by income level but also by the ability to manage that income effectively. As educators, lecturers are expected to strengthen their understanding of financial management. A solid grasp of financial concepts supported by sound economic behavior is anticipated to enhance lecturers’ awareness and understanding of financial management, ultimately improving their financial well-being. However, despite their high educational background, many lecturers still face challenges in managing their finances. Insufficient financial knowledge often leads to poor financial decisions, which negatively affect their overall financial health. This study aims to analyze the effect of financial literacy (FL) on the financial well-being (FWB) of lecturers at Maranatha Christian University, with financial behavior (FB) functioning as a mediating variable. The research employs a quantitative method using an explanatory approach. Data were collected through a Google Form questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with AMOS software. The sample consisted of lecturers from various study programs selected through stratified random sampling. The findings indicate that FL does not directly influence FWB; instead, FL positively affects FB. The results further show that FB has a positive impact on FWB, confirming FB as a mediator linking FL and FWB. Thus, financial literacy must be translated into proper financial behavior to achieve financial well-being.
Marketing Strategy Through Instagram and TikTok Promotion Based on the SOAR Analysis
The rapid expansion of the food and beverage (F&B) industry in Indonesia particularly the growth of local coffee shops illustrates a shifting consumer landscape in which coffee has evolved from a basic beverage into a lifestyle product. Gocah Coffee, established in 2024 in Medan, adopts Instagram and TikTok as its primary digital marketing channels to strengthen brand visibility and attract younger consumers. However, the performance of its digital promotion has been inconsistent, especially regarding content reach, engagement, and conversion into offline customer visits. This study aims to formulate an effective digital marketing strategy for Gocah Coffee using the SOAR (Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations, Results) framework. A descriptive qualitative case study approach was employed, involving 13 informants consisting of owners, employees, and customers, supplemented by direct observation of social media activities and documentation of content insights. The findings indicate that Gocah Coffee possesses strong visual identity, appealing store ambience, and increasing content quality. Opportunities include leveraging TikTok’s algorithmic trends, encouraging user-generated content, and optimizing insight-based content planning. The aspirations of the business emphasize stronger brand awareness, consistent posting behavior, and the development of a loyal community. The targeted results involve boosting engagement rates, follower growth, and in-store foot traffic. This study proposes a SOAR based digital marketing strategy that is actionable, scalable, and relevant for F&B MSMEs seeking to compete in a digitally driven market environment.
Analysis of Fraud Heptagon Theory on the Tendency of Fraud in Village Credit Institutions
The tendency of fraud is an unlawful act committed to gain personal or group benefits. Fraud cases that occurred in the Village Credit Institutions (Lembaga Perkreditan Desa/LPD) in Klungkung Regency indicate weak supervision and governance. Based on the Fraud Heptagon Theory, the tendency of fraud is affected by seven factors, namely pressure, opportunity, rationalization, competence, arrogance, culture, and religiosity. This study aims to analyze the effect of pressure, opportunity, rationalization, competence, arrogance, culture, and religiosity on the tendency of fraud. This research employs a quantitative approach with 115 respondents from 64 active LPDs in the mainland area of Klungkung Regency, determined through purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed through the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method with the assistance of SmartPLS 4. The results show that pressure, opportunity, rationalization, competence, and arrogance have a positive effect on the tendency of fraud, while culture and religiosity have a negative effect on the tendency of fraud. The implications of this study can serve as a consideration for LPDs and traditional communities to strengthen supervisory systems, enhance ethics, and instill cultural and religious values to reduce the tendency of fraud.
Risk as a Sustainability Moderator in Islamic Banking Profitability
Risk is an inherent component of all financing activities and must be managed effectively to optimize Islamic banks’ profitability. This study provides insights into how Islamic banks can balance risk and return amid the sector’s evolving challenges by employing panel regression analysis using data from Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS) in Indonesia, sourced from the OJK’s Islamic Banking Statistics. The dataset integrates a ten-year time-series dimension with a cross-sectional dimension covering multiple banks. The findings show that risk moderates both financing performance and profitability outcomes: it weakens the negative effect of problematic financing (PF) on Return on Assets (ROA), while at the same time reducing the positive effect of channeled financing (CF) on ROA. These results suggest that although effective risk management can cushion losses from problematic financing, it may also limit the full profitability gains from financing expansion, underscoring the importance of balanced and integrated risk-return strategies in Islamic banking.
The Influence of Foreign Direct Investment and Exchange Rate on Foreign Exchange Reserves Through Exports in Indonesia from 2003 to 2023
This study aims to examine the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and the exchange rate on exports and foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia during the period 2003–2023, with exports serving as a mediating variable. The analysis employs the path analysis method using annual data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and other relevant publications. The results indicate that FDI has a positive and significant effect on both exports and foreign exchange reserves, both directly and indirectly through exports. This finding suggests that FDI inflows contribute to increasing production capacity and export competitiveness, thereby strengthening Indonesia’s external position. Furthermore, exports are found to have a positive and significant effect on foreign exchange reserves, reaffirming their strategic role in maintaining external stability. Conversely, the exchange rate has a negative but statistically insignificant effect on exports and foreign exchange reserves, indicating that rupiah depreciation does not automatically enhance export performance or increase foreign exchange reserves. This condition is likely due to the domestic industry’s reliance on imported raw materials and capital goods, as well as the dominance of primary commodities in Indonesia’s export structure. Overall, the findings highlight the need for policies that promote FDI in export-oriented sectors, diversify export products, develop import-substitution industries, and improve trade logistics efficiency to optimize the role of exports in strengthening Indonesia’s foreign exchange reserves.
The Effect of Work-Life Balance and Job Satisfaction on the Loyalty of Gen Z Employees in North Toraja Regency
Demographic changes in today’s workforce show an increasing proportion of Generation Z employees, born between 1997 and 2012. Gen-Z employees value work-life balance, flexibility, and meaningful work, but are often perceived as less loyal due to their tendency to change jobs easily. They view work as non-essential, especially when it does not meet their expectations for job satisfaction. When their needs are unmet, they are more likely to seek new opportunities. In North Toraja, understanding the factors that influence Gen-Z loyalty is crucial for managing and retaining young talent. This study examines the impact of work-life balance and job satisfaction on the loyalty of Gen-Z employees in North Toraja Regency. A questionnaire was distributed to 100 Gen-Z employees in the region. Descriptive and verification analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that work-life balance does not significantly affect employee loyalty, while job satisfaction has a significant influence. Additionally, the simultaneous test shows that both work-life balance and job satisfaction together affect the loyalty of Gen-Z employees in North Toraja Regency.
Analysis of Customer Perceptions of Security and Ease of Transactions Using the BRImo Application at the BRI Nunukan Branch
This study examines users' perceptions of security and convenience in using the BRImo mobile banking application at BRI Nunukan Branch, a digital financial service increasingly relied upon for daily transactions. Despite rapid digitalization in the banking sector, many users still express concerns regarding data protection, transaction safety, and the reliability of mobile banking features. Therefore, this research aims to explore in depth how BRImo users evaluate the security and convenience of the application, and what factors influence their overall experience. This study employs a qualitative case study approach involving 30 active BRImo users selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation of application usage, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that BRImo is generally perceived as secure due to layered security features such as PIN, password, OTP, and fingerprint authentication, supported by BRI's internal monitoring system for suspicious transactions. However, some users still experience minor issues such as delayed OTP or temporary account blocking. In terms of convenience, the majority of respondents consider BRImo easy to use, with intuitive menus and fast transaction processes, although challenges remain among new users and those facing unstable internet connections. These findings demonstrate that both security and convenience significantly shape user trust and satisfaction. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of digital banking adoption in non-urban settings, emphasizing the role of user experience in strengthening digital service engagement. The study concludes that BRImo provides adequate security and high convenience, while recommending continuous system improvement and customer education to enhance digital transaction safety and usability.
ESG Disclosure, Firm Size, Leverage, and Firm Value: Evidence from Indonesia’s Food and Beverage Sub-Sector
This research seeks to assess how ESG reporting, the size of a company, and debt levels affect its overall value in companies within the food and beverage subsector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The approach taken in this study is targeted sampling, which produced 150 observations from 50 companies during the 2022–2024 period. The data analysis process was carried out using panel data regression analysis with the assistance of EViews 12 software. The findings of this study show that ESG disclosure has a negative and insignificant effect on firm value, firm size also has a negative and insignificant effect on firm value, while leverage has a positive and significant effect on firm value. It can be concluded that, in relation to the food and drink segment within Indonesia between 2022 and 2024, the management of capital structure through leverage is a more important factor in increasing firm value compared to ESG disclosure and firm size..
The Effect of Financial and Non-Financial Compensation on the Performance of Frontline Employees with Intrinsic Motivation as a Mediating Variable
This study aims to analyze the effect of financial and non-financial compensation on frontliner employee performance with intrinsic motivation as a mediating variable at PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Palangka Raya Branch Office). This study aims to analyze the influence of financial and non-financial compensation on frontliner employee performance with intrinsic motivation as a mediating variable at PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, Palangka Raya Branch Office. The research employs a quantitative approach using 67 respondents and data analysis with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS). The results show that both financial and non-financial compensation have a positive and significant effect on employee performance and intrinsic motivation. Furthermore, intrinsic motivation significantly affects performance and mediates the relationship between compensation and performance. The R² value of 0.681 indicates that the model explains 68.1% of performance variation. These findings reinforce Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory and Self-Determination Theory, emphasizing the importance of balancing material and non-material compensation to enhance motivation and sustainable performance among frontliner employees in the banking sector.
Local Potential-Based Empowerment Through the Tapis Craft Center in Realizing Women's Independence in Tara-han Village, Katibung District, South Lampung Regency
Women are valuable assets in the community, and their empowerment can improve welfare through activities that enhance their economic, social, and cultural roles. One such empowerment initiative is the tapis craft center in Tarahan Village, where women are trained in sewing and processing tapis, fostering their independence. This research focuses on how utilizing local potential through the tapis craft center empowers women. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study gathered data through observation, interviews, and documentation from 11 informants selected via purposive sampling. The findings indicate that the tapis craft center effectively supports women's independence by enhancing their skills and capacities. The empowerment process occurs in three stages: awareness, training, and mentoring. Awareness is raised through education about the economic and social benefits, as well as employment opportunities. In the training stage, women learn tapis making, embroidery, and marketing skills. Mentoring involves guidance from business owners, studio administrators, members, and the village head to supervise production activities. This empowerment leads to economic independence by providing additional income, social independence by boosting self-confidence, and cultural independence through the preservation of the tapis tradition across generations.
Local Economic Development Through Halal Tourism in Kambo Village
This research is motivated by the great potential for halal tourism development in Kambo Village, Palopo City, which has a wealth of natural mountains, waterfalls, clean rivers, and community gardens as tourist attractions. However, this potential has not been optimally utilized due to minimal management, the lack of directed regulations, and the lack of integration of local wisdom with halal tourism standards. This condition raises questions about how this potential can be developed effectively in accordance with sharia principles and the needs of Muslim tourists . The research problem formulation includes: (1) how the halal tourism potential in Kambo Village is reviewed from the aspects of nature, culture, and community readiness, (2) what is the role of the community and MSMEs in the halal tourism ecosystem, and (3) what are the dynamics of collaborative governance and integrative models for local economic development based on halal tourism. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach and deductive analysis. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and document reviews related to regional spatial planning. The results show that Kambo has strong potential as a halal tourism area, but its development has not been maximized due to limited infrastructure, the absence of halal certification or standards, and minimal government facilitation and promotion. By strengthening regulations, increasing community capacity, and developing sharia-compliant facilities and infrastructure, Kambo has the potential to develop as a leading halal tourism destination in Palopo City
Obstacles to Regional Government in Distributing Superior Oil Palm Seedlings in Bungo Regency
The oil palm plantation sector is one of the most significant agribusiness contributors to Indonesia's national economy, including in Bungo Regency, Jambi Province. Despite its strong potential, the income of oil palm farmers in this region remains suboptimal. Several challenges hinder productivity, such as the use of low-quality seedlings, inadequate cultivation practices, and land conversion from previous crops such as rubber or secondary forest (tanah sesap). This study aims to explore an effective model for improving the use of superior oil palm seeds and supporting local government programs to enhance farmers' income levels. The research utilizes primary data, secondary data, and other relevant information collected during the 2019–2024 period. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and a qualitative approach to gain a comprehensive understanding of field conditions, cultivation systems, and key issues faced by farmers. The findings indicate that the adoption of superior seedlings, supported by structured cultivation planning, technical training, and local government interventions, has strong potential to significantly improve productivity and increase farmers' income. This study is expected to serve as a reference for developing sustainable oil palm plantation programs in Bungo Regency.
Estimating Economic Losses due to Coastal Flooding in Medan Belawan, Indonesia
Coastal flooding is a recurring environmental hazard in Medan Belawan, driven by sea-level rise, land subsidence, and extreme tidal conditions. This study analyses the spatial distribution of coastal inundation in July 2025 and estimates the resulting economic losses across three affected sectors: households, business units, and public facilities. Spatial inundation mapping was conducted using DEMNAS elevation data combined with Highest High Water Level (HHWL) measurements, revealing that 79.5% of the study area (2,266 ha) was inundated. Primary data were collected through proportional random sampling involving 229 respondents and business/facility units across six urban villages. The estimated total economic loss reached IDR6.05 billion per month, consisting of IDR4.75 billion from household losses, IDR291 million from business units, and IDR1.01 billion from public facilities. Household losses were dominated by asset damage and income reduction, while business units experienced operational disruptions and decreased revenue. Public facilities faced structural damage and interruptions to basic services. These findings highlight significant economic impacts associated with the spatial extent and intensity of coastal flooding in low-lying coastal neighbourhoods of Medan Belawan.
Auditor Ethics as the Foundation of Audit Quality: A Systematic Literature Review
This study presents a comprehensive Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on the crucial role of auditor ethics as the foundation of audit quality. The primary objective of this SLR is to thoroughly examine existing literature and identify the relationship between dimensions of auditor ethics including moral values, integrity, objectivity, independence, and professional skepticism and audit quality. The research methodology used in this study is SLR, involving systematic searching, critical selection, and synthesis of findings from 20 empirical articles published between 2019–2025. The literature sources were accessed through leading academic databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Sinta, and JSTOR by using relevant keywords such as “auditor ethics” and “audit quality.” The findings consistently indicate that auditor ethics has a significant and positive effect on audit quality. Auditors who uphold ethical values, supported by a strong organizational culture, professional commitment, and internal locus of control, significantly contribute to the improvement of audit quality. This study also highlights that ethics is a necessary but not sufficient factor and is strengthened by various supporting factors as well as influenced by organizational and situational contexts. The originality of this study lies in its structured synthesis of recent literature, which not only confirms the positive effect of auditor ethics but also elaborates key mechanisms, moderating factors, and identifies critical research gaps for future studies. The results of this SLR provide significant theoretical and practical implications for the development of the auditing profession and accounting education.
Marketing Improvement Strategy For Laku Pandai Agents At Bank Kalteng, Pangkalan Bun Branch
The development of digitalization has contributed to progress in Indonesia’s banking sector, making banking services more flexible and widely accessible to a society with increasingly dynamic needs. A 2021 survey conducted by the Secretariat of the National Council for Financial Inclusion (S-DNKI) showed that 83.60% of adults had recognized and used financial products and services. Despite the growth of agents and bank account ownership, challenges arise regarding the readiness of Laku Pandai agents in marketing available products due to suboptimal understanding and use of digital tools, as well as limited marketing capabilities. Therefore, effective marketing strategies for Laku Pandai agents are needed to generate maximum impact, such as expanding agent outreach to better reach communities in various regions. This study employs a library research method, which involves collecting existing literature, followed by reading, recording, and processing the data. The research was conducted on Laku Pandai agents partnered with the Regional Development Bank of Central Kalimantan, Pangkalan Bun Branch. The conclusion of this study, titled “Marketing Strategy Enhancement for Laku Pandai Agents at the Central Kalimantan Development Bank, Pangkalan Bun Branch,” identifies three key strategies for improving the marketing of Laku Pandai agents in Pangkalan Bun: opening additional sub-branch offices, strengthening agents’ understanding of products and the use of the Betang Mobile application, and enhancing both direct and digital-based promotional activities to ensure wider dissemination of promotional information and potentially increase new account openings
Understanding the Basic Concepts and Scope of Excellent Service in Professional Practice at the UNESA Global Engagement Directorate
Understanding the basic concepts and scope of excellent service is the main foundation in building a culture of service excellence in higher education. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the professional practices of the UNESA Global Engagement (UGE) Directorate in implementing the values of service excellence in a tangible and sustainable manner. The conceptual basis is rooted in the Grand Theory of Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (1988) on Service Quality (SERVQUAL), which emphasizes five main dimensions of service quality, namely tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. This theory serves as a foundation for understanding the meaning of service, the definition of excellent service, and the application of its basic concepts in the context of academic and international services in higher education. As a result, service practices at the UGE Directorate show that service excellence is not only realized through administrative systems and procedures, but also through the internalization of the values of professionalism, empathy, and commitment to the satisfaction of global partners. The implementation of a responsive, solution-oriented, and real-time cooperation information system (SIMKERMA) is a tangible representation of the integration of digital efficiency and a human touch in university public services. The recommendations from this chapter emphasize the importance of strengthening human resource capacity that is adaptive to global dynamics, optimizing digital technology to accelerate service processes, and establishing a structured, measurable, and sustainable ecosystem of excellent service to strengthen the university's position as an internationally competitive institution.
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The Effect of Financial Literacy, Capital Market Knowledge, and Perceived Risk on Students Investment Interest
This study aims to examine the influence of financial literacy, capital market knowledge, and risk perception on the investment interest of students majoring in Management at the Faculty of Economics, State University of Medan. This study uses a quantitative approach through a survey method involving 67 respondents selected by purposive sampling, namely students from the class of 2022 who have attended the Capital Market School (SPM). The research instrument was declared valid and reliable, while data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression supported by classical assumption tests. The results showed that financial literacy did not have a significant effect on investment interest, capital market knowledge had a positive and significant effect, while risk perception did not have a significant effect. Simultaneously, all three variables had a significant effect on investment interest, with the model explaining 71.5% of the variation in interest. This study is novel in its use of SPM participation criteria in determining the sample and implies the need to strengthen capital market education to increase student investment interest.
Human Resource Management Based on the AMO (Ability, Motivation, Opportunity) Framework in Family Businesses
This study aims to explore human resource management practices based on the Ability–Motivation–Opportunity (AMO) framework in family businesses, using a case study of PT Selat Malaka Indonesia (PT SMI), which operates in the energy distribution sector. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with an intrinsic case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, limited observation, and documentation studies involving the owner, managers, and non-family employees, and were then analyzed using thematic analysis. The results indicate that the management of ability at PT SMI develops evolutively through work-based learning, senior–junior mentoring, and unstructured external training. Employee motivation is primarily shaped by job security, a family-oriented culture, and trust, although it still faces challenges in the form of work fatigue, career stagnation, and the absence of formal performance indicators. Meanwhile, opportunity is more dominant at the operational level through the delegation of technical authority and open communication, but remains limited in strategic decision-making. These findings indicate that the AMO framework at PT SMI functions implicitly as a foundation for the sustainability of the family business, yet requires systematic strengthening so that human resource professionalization can proceed in balance with family values.
The Effect of Online Reviews and Location on Purchase Decisions with Purchase Intention as a Mediating Variable in Seafood MSMEs at Nyoman Café Jimbaran
The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed consumer behavior in information searching and purchasing decisions, particularly within the tourism-based culinary sector. In highly competitive markets with relatively homogeneous products, non-product factors such as online reviews and business location play an increasingly important role in shaping consumer choices. This study aims to analyze the influence of online reviews and location on purchase decisions, with purchase intention as a mediating variable, focusing on the seafood MSME Nyoman Cafe Jimbaran. The research adopts a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 200 respondents who had accessed online reviews of Nyoman Cafe Jimbaran. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS, including evaluation of the measurement model, structural model analysis, and testing of direct and indirect effects. The results indicate that online reviews and location have a positive and significant impact on purchase decisions, while location also significantly influences purchase intention. However, online reviews do not significantly affect purchase intention, and purchase intention does not significantly influence purchase decisions. Furthermore, purchase intention does not mediate the relationship between online reviews or location and purchase decisions. These findings suggest that in culinary tourism contexts, purchasing decisions tend to be spontaneous and are more directly driven by digital reputation and strategic location. This study contributes to digital consumer behavior literature and provides practical insights for culinary MSMEs.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Global Digital Payment Systems: A Systematic Literature Review (2019–2025)
The development of information and communication technology (ICT) has significantly influenced the global financial sector. One of the most important innovations is the digital payment system, which has transformed the way people perform financial transactions—making them faster, safer, and more efficient. This study aims to identify the trends, theories, methods, and research gaps related to digital payment systems through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach.Data were collected from ten international scientific articles indexed in Scopus and ScienceDirect between 2015–2025. The findings reveal that the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) are the most dominant theories explaining user adoption behavior. The main influencing factors include trust, security, ease of use, and perceived risk.This study highlights a paradigm shift from technical aspects toward behavioral and regulatory perspectives. Future research should focus on cross-platform integration, blockchain-based security, and the development of digital financial literacy policies.
Formulation of Strategies to Minimize Dropshipping Business Failure on Shopee Indonesia through the Business Model Canvas, SWOT Analysis, and TOWS Matrix
The rapid growth of e-commerce in Indonesia has increased business actors’ interest in the dropshipping business model, particularly on the Shopee platform. Although this model offers operational convenience and relatively low capital requirements, the failure rate of dropshipping businesses remains high due to dependence on suppliers and affiliates, fluctuations in promotional costs, and the dynamic nature of platform algorithms. This study aims to formulate strategies to minimize dropshipping business failure on Shopee Indonesia through the integration of the Business Model Canvas (BMC), SWOT analysis, and the TOWS Matrix. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews with active dropshipping practitioners on Shopee Indonesia. The data were analyzed by mapping the nine elements of the Business Model Canvas, identifying internal and external factors using SWOT analysis, and formulating strategic alternatives through the TOWS Matrix. The findings indicate that the existing dropshipping business model functionally fulfills all nine blocks of the Business Model Canvas; however, it still faces key weaknesses, including high dependence on external parties, substantial promotional cost burdens, and risks arising from changes in platform policies. The integration of SWOT and TOWS analyses generates SO, WO, ST, and WT strategies that emphasize service quality enhancement, optimization of digital marketing, utilization of automation technologies, supplier diversification, and more efficient cost management. This study concludes that the integration of the Business Model Canvas, SWOT analysis, and the TOWS Matrix represents an effective strategic approach to enhancing business stability, competitiveness, and sustainability within the Shopee Indonesia marketplace ecosystem
The Effect of Love of Money, Perception of Entrepreneurial Opportunities, and Entrepreneurial Knowledge on Entrepreneurial Interest with Family Support as a Moderating Variable
Entrepreneurial interest does not emerge instantly but develops through a gradual process that varies across individuals. This study aims to analyze the effect of love of money, perceived entrepreneurial opportunities, and entrepreneurial knowledge on entrepreneurial interest, with family support as a moderating variable. The research was conducted at Udayana University with a sample of 167 students, selected using a sample size calculator. Data were collected through a survey approach using questionnaires as the research instrument. The collected data were analyzed using path analysis. The results indicate that: (1) love of money has a significant effect on entrepreneurial interest; (2) perception of entrepreneurial opportunities significantly affect entrepreneurial interest; (3) entrepreneurial knowledge has a significant effect on entrepreneurial interest; and (4) perception of entrepreneurial opportunities moderated by family support significantly influence entrepreneurial interest. These findings imply that the entrepreneurial interest of Udayana University students is influenced by love of money, perceived entrepreneurial opportunities strengthened by family support, and entrepreneurial knowledge. The study reinforces empirical evidence on entrepreneurial interest and highlights the practical importance of enhancing financial motivation, opportunity recognition ability, entrepreneurial knowledge, as well as family and university support in fostering students’ entrepreneurial interest.
Analysis of External Factors Affecting Purchasing Decisions of Scarlett Whitening Products Through the Shopee Platform Using the PESTEL Model
This study aims to analyze external factors influencing purchasing decisions of Scarlett Whitening products through the Shopee platform among students of the University of Sumatera Utara by applying the PESTEL framework. Using a qualitative descriptive–analytical approach within a constructivist paradigm, the research examines how political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors shape the five stages of the consumer purchasing decision process among digital native consumers. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, participatory observation, and digital documentation involving 28 student informants from various faculties. The findings reveal that social factors such as peer influence, online reviews, and social media exposure are the most dominant determinants affecting nearly all stages of decision-making. These are followed sequentially by economic, technological, legal, political, and environmental factors. Furthermore, the interaction among factors, particularly socio-economic, socio-technological, and legal-political dynamics, demonstrates that purchasing decisions are not formed in a linear manner. Instead, they emerge through the simultaneous construction of consumer perceptions shaped by multiple external stimuli within a digital marketplace context.
The Effectiveness of Digital Marketing Through TikTok in Increasing Brand Awareness and Customer Interaction in MSMEs in Yogyakarta
The development of social media platforms like TikTok has transformed the way MSMEs interact with consumers. However, many businesses still struggle to build brand loyalty because digital promotions are ineffective and unable to fully drive consumer purchase intention. This phenomenon suggests that high promotional activity does not always align with increased customer trust and brand engagement. This study aims to analyze the influence of digital marketing strategies, influencer marketing, and purchase intention on brand loyalty among TikTok users in Yogyakarta. The study used a quantitative approach with a survey of 250 active TikTok users in Yogyakarta who had viewed MSME product promotions. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 26 with validity and reliability tests, as well as multiple linear regression. The results showed that digital marketing strategies, influencer marketing, and purchase intention had a positive and significant influence on brand loyalty. These findings confirm that implementing innovative digital strategies and collaborating with credible influencers can increase purchase intention and strengthen customer loyalty to MSME brands on TikTok.
Exploring the Influence of Habits and Facilitating Conditions on Qris Usage Intention Among Generation Z in Denpasar
Abstract: This study explores the interrelationships among attitude, trust, and behavioral intention, particularly within the context of technology adoption and digital payments. Attitude, defined as an individual's evaluation of objects or behaviors, plays a crucial role in shaping behavioral intentions. Recent literature highlights that positive attitudes toward technology significantly enhance the likelihood of adoption. Trust, another vital component, influences user engagement and decision-making processes in digital environments. It is posited that trust in technology providers enhances user willingness to adopt new platforms, thereby impacting their behavioral intentions. This paper synthesizes findings from various studies conducted between 2020 and 2025, emphasizing the importance of understanding these constructs in fostering effective technology adoption strategies. Ultimately, the integration of attitude, trust, and behavioral intention provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners aiming to improve user engagement and satisfaction in digital transactions.
Adaptive Educational Management through PDIA to Enhance Psychological Resilience among Vocational Students
This study aimed to analyze the application of education governance using the Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) method to reinforce psychological endurance among vocational secondary school learners. The focus centered on identifying how institutional governance practices respond to learning demands, psychological exposure, and post-pandemic transition barriers within vocational education contexts. The research employed a qualitative case research pattern implemented in three state vocational secondary schools located in East Java, Indonesia. Participants included headmasters, educators, counseling personnel, and learners. Information acquisition was conducted through semi-structured dialogues, instructional monitoring, and file review. Data processing applied thematic interpretation supported by numerical tabulation to capture patterns across institutional practices and learner responses. Results: The findings showed that PDIA-oriented governance enabled institutions to recognize context-based psychological issues, formulate stepwise actions, and repeatedly adjust policies. Learners demonstrated growth in emotion control, personal assurance, coping capacity, and learning participation following the implementation of iterative governance practices within school management processes. Novelty: The originality of this research lies in merging PDIA previously implemented within public administration and educator supervision into institutional education governance. This integration offers a structured governance pathway to methodically reinforce learner psychological endurance within vocational education environments, extending PDIA application beyond its conventional administrative scope.
The Role of the Sociopreneurial Environment and Independent Attitude in Enhancing the Business Development of Street Vendors at the Taman Jomblo Tourism Area, Kota Baru Jambi
This study aims to analyze the influence of sociopreneur environment and independent attitudes on the development of street vendor businesses in the Taman Jomblo Tourism area, Kota Baru, Jambi. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The study population is all street vendors operating in the area as many as 136 traders, with sampling techniques using saturated sampling (census). Data were collected through questionnaires measured using the Likert scale and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results of the study show that the sociopreneur environment has a positive and significant effect on the business development of street vendors. An independent attitude also has a positive and significant effect on the development of street vendors' businesses. In addition, the results of simultaneous tests showed that the sociopreneur environment and independent attitude together had a significant effect on the business development of street vendors. The value of the determination coefficient shows that most of the variation in business development can be explained by these two variables, while the rest is influenced by other factors outside the research model. This study concludes that the business development of street vendors is not only influenced by internal factors of business actors, but also by the supportive social environment. Therefore, efforts are needed to strengthen the sociopreneur environment and increase the independent attitude of street vendors to encourage business sustainability in tourist areas.
The Effect of Financing Risk and Efficiency Level on the Profitability of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia
This study examines the effect of financing risk and efficiency level on the profitability of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia. The study employs a quantitative research design using secondary data from the annual financial statements of Islamic banks over a specified period. Financing risk is measured by the Non-Performing Financing (NPF) ratio, while efficiency level is measured using the Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO) ratio. Profitability is represented by Return on Assets (ROA). Multiple linear regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses, after confirming that classical assumptions—including normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation—are satisfied.The regression results indicate that financing risk negatively affects profitability, with a regression coefficient of approximately −0.412, a t-statistic of −3.05, and a p-value of 0.004, suggesting that higher NPF reduces bank profits. Efficiency level positively influences profitability, with a coefficient of about 0.378, a t-statistic of 2.68, and a p-value of 0.011, indicating that greater operational efficiency leads to higher ROA. The F-test confirms that financing risk and efficiency level simultaneously have a significant effect on profitability (F = 15.23, p < 0.001). The coefficient of determination (R² ≈ 0.62) shows that 62% of the variation in profitability is explained by the two independent variables.These findings emphasize the critical role of managing financing risk and maintaining operational efficiency in enhancing the financial performance of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia.
The Effect of World Oil Price Returns, Inflation Returns, and Interest Rate Returns on JCI Returns on the IDX for the Period 2020-2024
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between world oil price returns, inflation returns, and interest rate returns and the performance of the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2020 to 2024. This study applies a quantitative approach using 60 monthly secondary data observations covering the entire research period. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling. Data analysis in this study was conducted using multiple linear regression to test the effect of each independent variable on the JCI return. The results show that world oil price returns have a positive and significant effect on the JCI return. Meanwhile, inflation returns and interest rate returns did not show a significant partial effect on JCI returns. However, simultaneously, these three variables were found to have a significant effect on JCI returns. The adjusted R-squared value of 0.345 indicates that the research model is able to explain 34.5 percent of the variation in JCI returns, while the rest is influenced by factors outside the research model.
Financial Distress Prediction Using the Modified Altman Z-Score Model: Empirical Evidence from Hospitality Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
This study aims to evaluate the financial condition of hotel sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020–2023 period using the Modified Altman Z-Score model. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed to assess potential bankruptcy through the analysis of four key financial ratios: liquidity, profitability, solvency, and working capital to total assets. The findings reveal that hotel companies experienced significant financial fluctuations during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a decline in financial performance in 2021–2022 followed by a strong recovery in 2023. Most companies managed to maintain financial stability and demonstrated adaptability to changing economic conditions. Liquidity and profitability were identified as the main indicators of financial resilience, while external factors such as government policy and tourism mobility also influenced overall financial stability. The study confirms the relevance of the Modified Altman Z-Score model as a tool for predicting bankruptcy in the service sector, although its accuracy should be refined by integrating external variables to provide a more comprehensive analysis. The results of this study are expected to provide practical insights for hotel management, investors, and policymakers in developing sustainable financial strategies for the hospitality industry.
The Job hopping among Generation Z is influenced by toxic workplaces and bullying, mediated by emotional exhaustion and moderated by openness to experience.
This study investigates the impact of a toxic work environment, bullying behavior, and emotional exhaustion on the tendency for job hopping among Generation Z in Banyumas Regency. Data were obtained from 100 respondents through questionnaires and interviews, using a Likert scale of 1-5 and analysis using SEM-PLS. The results showed that a toxic work environment, workplace bullying, and emotional exhaustion significantly affect job hopping. Emotional exhaustion acts as a mediator between workplace bullying and job hopping, while openness to experience moderates this relationship. Recommendations for organizations include implementing employee welfare programs and stress management training to reduce the negative impacts of the work environment. This study highlights the importance of considering personal factors and personality characteristics in understanding employee behavior related to emotional exhaustion and job hopping. The PLS SEM analysis shows good validity and reliability, with hypothesis testing using the bootstrapping technique indicating significant effects between the variables tested. The gender variable did not significantly affect job hopping, whereas other variables such as a toxic environment, workplace bullying, emotional exhaustion, and openness to experience had significant impacts. This study contributes to the understanding of factors influencing job hopping behavior among Generation Z and offers new directions for further research on the role of openness to experience in the relationship between emotional exhaustion and job hopping.
Strategy for Implementing Reliability Centered Maintenance to Improve Productivity in the Cajuput Oil Production Process at PT. Eagle Indo Pharma
One of the objectives of this study is to identify and analyze problems that have an impact on increasing productivity in cajuput oil production. The method used Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) is used to determine the most effective maintenance approach based on system reliability, using the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), and Logic Tree Analysis (LTA) approaches in order to overcome ambiguity and uncertainty in risk assessment. The results of the study using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method, there are failures that are a priority for improvement based on the risk priority number (RPN) value. The highest RPN values ​​are Labeling Machines, Filling Machines, Capping Machines with RPN values ​​of 294, 288 and 252 in the high criticality category. The maintenance carried out is routine checks after and before using the tool or machine, carrying out Checks and maintenance according to the Cleaning, Inspection, Lubrication, Tighting (CILT) checksheet. The downtime rate from July to August 2024 decreased by 4.72%, previously the weekly downtime rate was 19.09% after 2 weeks the downtime rate dropped to 14.37%. Shows that the selection of the maintenance model has been successful in increasing the reliability, efficiency and overall performance of the system.
Financial Literacy and Hospitality Values: Their Influence on Financial Behavior of Tourism Sector Employees
The financial well-being of tourism sector employees has become a crucial issue given the industry characteristics of fluctuating income and high turnover rates. This study aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy and hospitality values on the financial behavior of tourism sector employees in Semarang Regency. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design was employed on 168 employees from hotels, restaurants, and tourist attractions. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that financial literacy (β=0.412; p<0.001) and hospitality values (β=0.367; p<0.001) have positive and significant effects on financial behavior. Simultaneously, both variables explain 52.7% of the variance in financial behavior. These findings confirm the Theory of Planned Behavior and provide an original contribution through the integration of sectoral values into the financial behavior model. Practical implications include the development of financial education programs based on hospitality values for tourism employees.
The Sense of Belonging as a Catalyst for Retaining Millennial Employees in the Hospitality Sector
High turnover rates among millennial employees remain a critical challenge for the hospitality industry. This study aims to analyze the effect of internal branding on millennial employees' retention intention with sense of belonging as a mediating variable in hotels in Semarang Regency. Using a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design, data were collected from 156 respondents through questionnaires and 14 key informants through in-depth interviews. Quantitative analysis employed PLS-SEM using SmartPLS 4.0, while qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings revealed that internal branding has a significant positive effect on sense of belonging (β=0.687, p<0.001) and retention intention (β=0.289, p<0.001). Sense of belonging partially mediates this relationship with VAF of 56.3% and R² of 58.3%. Qualitative findings identified four key themes: authentic value communication, empowering leadership, meaningful career development, and supportive work community. This study contributes to the development of social identity theory in the context of hospitality internal branding and provides practical implications for millennial employee retention strategies
The Influence of Leadership, Work Discipline, and Work Environment on Employee Performance through Organizational Commitment at the Ulu Idanote Sub-District Office
Employee performance is a critical determinant of organizational effectiveness and the successful delivery of public services. This study investigates the influence of leadership, work discipline, and work environment on employee performance, with organizational commitment as a mediating factor, at the Ulu Idano’e Subdistrict Office, South Nias Regency. A quantitative research design with a survey approach was employed. The population consisted of all 50 employees of the subdistrict office, selected through total sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, validated for reliability and validity, and analyzed using multiple linear regression and mediation analysis to examine both the direct and indirect effects of the independent variables on employee performance via organizational commitment. The results reveal that leadership, work discipline, and work environment each exert a positive and significant impact on organizational commitment, which in turn positively influences employee performance. Among these, leadership emerged as the most dominant factor, underscoring the critical role of effective leadership in guiding, motivating, and supporting employees. Work discipline and a conducive work environment also significantly enhance organizational commitment, mediating the relationship between these factors and employee performance. Simultaneous analysis indicates that the combination of these independent variables accounts for a substantial proportion of the variance in employee performance, highlighting the importance of a holistic and integrated approach to human resource management in governmental organizations. These findings have practical implications for subdistrict-level human resource management, suggesting that enhancing leadership quality, work discipline, and work environment can strengthen organizational commitment, thereby improving employee productivity and motivation. Furthermore, the study provides a foundation for future research aimed at optimizing the performance of governmental employees in other regional contexts.
Analysis of the Competitiveness and Export Performance of Indonesian Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes (HS 4402) in Saudi Arabia : RCA, EPD, and XModel
Coconut shell charcoal briquettes are one of Indonesia’s leading export commodities with high demand in international markets, including Saudi Arabia. Although Indonesia remains the top exporter, export growth over the past decade has faced increasing competition from countries such as China, Malaysia, Vietnam, and Egypt. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness, export performance dynamics, and market potential of Indonesia’s coconut shell charcoal briquettes compared to its four main competitors in the Saudi Arabian market from 2014 to 2023. The methods employed include the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) to measure comparative advantage, Export Product Dynamic (EPD) to assess export performance trends, and the XModel Potential Export Products to evaluate market potential. The RCA results indicate that Indonesia has a very strong comparative advantage (average RCA of 49.49), consistently surpassing its competitors. However, EPD analysis categorizes Indonesia as a “Lost opportunity,” meaning that while exports are growing, market share is declining, indicating untapped potential. The XModel analysis positionsIndonesia as a “Potential Market,” while Vietnam emerges as the only “Optimistic Market” with a strong RCA (13.97) and a Rising star EPD trend. These findings highlight Indonesia’s strong comparative advantage but emphasize the need for adaptive export strategies to convert potential into sustainable competitiveness.
The Influence of Electronic Word of Mouth, Product Quality, and Promotion on the Decision to Purchase Casablanca Deodorant in Batam
This study aims to determine the influence of electronic word of mouth, product quality, and promotion on the decision to purchase Casablanca deodorant in Batam. This study is a quantitative study. The population in this study are users of Casablanca brand deodorant who have made purchases in the Sekupang District. The population used in this study does not have a definite number. Because the number of the population used in this study is unknown, the researcher used Jacob Cohen's formula of 204 respondents. The technique used in this study is non-probability sampling with purposive sampling. The researcher used a questionnaire with several questions to be answered by the respondents. Based on the hypothesis testing results, it is known that the electronic word of mouth variable has a t-value of 2,636 > 1,971 with a sign of 0,009 < 0,05. The product quality variable had a t-value of 6,028 > 1,971 with a sign of 0,000<0,05. The promotion variable had a t-value of 3,405 > 1,971 with a sign of 0,001<0,05. This is obtained from the f-calculated value of 83,314, which is greater than the f-table value of 2,65, with a significance level of 0,000, which is less than 0,05. Electronic word of mouth, product quality, and promotions have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions.
Did COVID-19–Era Tax Incentives Coincide with Changes in Corporate Tax Avoidance? Evidence from Indonesia (2019–2020)
This study aims to analyze the differences in corporate tax avoidance practices in Indonesia before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on 2019 and 2020. The background of this study is the low tax ratio in Indonesia, which is mostly caused by the high rate of tax evasion, which was recorded at Rp 67.6 trillion in 2020. The research method used is quantitative with purposive sampling techniques. The study population consisted of 206 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), with 91 companies selected as samples. The study variable was the rate of tax avoidance in 2019 and 2020, which was analyzed using a statistical test paired sample t-test. The results of the study show that there are significant differences in tax avoidance practices before and during the pandemic. These findings indicate that the global health crisis conditions also affect the company's strategy in managing tax liabilities, both through internal policy adjustments and responses to government regulations. This research contributes to academic and practical understanding of the dynamics of tax avoidance in times of crisis, and can be a reference for policymakers in formulating strategies to improve tax compliance in Indonesia.
Drivers of Praise and Complaint in TripAdvisor Reviews from Guest Stay Experiences
Online reviews on platforms such as TripAdvisor have become a determinant factor in tourists' hotel selection decisions. This study aims to identify and compare the driving factors of positive and negative reviews on TripAdvisor from the perspective of hotel guests' stay experiences in Semarang City. A qualitative approach using thematic analysis method was applied to 127 reviews consisting of 64 positive reviews (rating 4–5) and 63 negative reviews (rating 1–2) from 15 star-rated hotels. The findings reveal five main themes driving positive reviews: staff service quality (90.6%), cleanliness and comfort (81.3%), perceived value (64.1%), strategic location (59.4%), and culinary experience (53.1%). Meanwhile, negative reviews were driven by facility failures (81.0%), expectation discrepancy (74.6%), cleanliness deficiency (69.8%), poor service quality (61.9%), and noise issues (44.4%). Comparative analysis identified convergent patterns in staff service, cleanliness, facilities, and expectations dimensions that function as drivers for both types of reviews. Divergent patterns were found in location and culinary aspects that exclusively appeared in positive reviews, and noise issues that only emerged in negative reviews. These findings confirm the expectancy-disconfirmation theory and provide practical implications for hotel management to prioritize staff competency development, preventive facility maintenance, and accurate expectation management.
The Effect of Transformational Leadership, Work Environment, and Workload on Employee Performance at PT Pegadaian (Persero) Rantepao Branch
This study aims to determine the effect of transformational leadership, work environment, and workload on employee performance at PT. Pegadaian (Persero) Rantepao branch, both partially and simultaneously. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires and documentation. The analysis method used was a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression techniques processed using SPSS version 23. The results of the simultaneous test indicate that transformational leadership, work environment, and workload together have a significant effect on employee performance. The results of the partial test (t-test) indicate that the transformational leadership variable has a t-value of 9.598, which is greater than the t-table of 2.039, thus being considered a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The work environment variable has a t-value of 2.299, which is greater than the t-table of 2.039, thus being considered a positive and significant effect. The workload variable had a t-value of 2.048, which is greater than the t-table value of 2.039, indicating a positive and significant effect. Based on these results, it can be concluded that transformational leadership, work environment, and workload have a positive and significant effect on employee performance.
The Effect of Compensation, Work Environment, and Employee Engagement on Employee Performance at the Office of the Regional Financial and Revenue Management Agency (BPKPD) in Tana Toraja
This study was conducted to analyze the influence of compensation, work environment, and employee engagement on employee performance at the Regional Financial and Revenue Management Agency (BPKPD) of Tana Toraja Regency, both partially and simultaneously. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires and documentation. The analysis method used was a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression techniques processed using the SPSS version 23 program. The results of simultaneous testing through the F test showed that compensation, work environment, and employee engagement together had a significant effect on employee performance. Furthermore, the results of the partial test (t test) showed that the compensation variable had a t-count value of 4.576 which was greater than the t-table of 2.002, so it had a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The work environment variable also showed a positive and significant effect with a t-count value of 2.141 which was greater than the t-table of 2.002. In addition, the employee engagement variable obtained a t-value of 3.187, which is greater than the t-table of 2.002, indicating a positive and significant influence on employee performance. Based on these results, it can be concluded that compensation, work environment, and employee engagement have a significant influence on employee performance.
The Role of Gamification as an Intervening Variable in the Influence of Digital Competence and Work Flexibility on the Performance of Gig Logistics Workers in Semarang City
The development of the digital economy has led to an increase in the number of gig workers in the logistics sector, including in the city of Semarang. However, work flexibility, as a key feature of the gig system, has not been fully able to optimize worker performance. The phenomena of long working hours, fatigue, and performance differences between workers indicate that digital competence and work flexibility require supporting mechanisms that can increase work engagement. In this context, gamification on digital logistics platforms is seen as a strategic approach to increase the motivation and performance of gig workers. This study aims to analyze the effect of digital competence and work flexibility on the performance of logistics gig workers in Semarang City with gamification as an intervening variable. The study uses a quantitative approach through a survey method of logistics gig workers, with data analysis using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The population consists of 128 online driver workers operating in the city of Semarang. The sampling technique used is purposive random sampling. The results of the study indicate that digital competence has a positive and significant effect on the performance of gig logistics workers, while work flexibility has a positive and significant direct effect on the performance of gig logistics workers. Gamification has been proven to have a positive effect on performance and is able to mediate the influence of digital competence and work flexibility on the performance of logistics gig workers. These findings emphasize the importance of continuous gamification implementation in order to optimize the performance of logistics gig workers in the digital economy era.